![]() ![]() CTĬT is increasingly being obtained in joints with intra-articular involvement, as it is far superior in assessing articular contour and presence of intra-articular fragments. However, posteriorly, the pericapsular fat is usually hidden in the olecranon groove and fossa, and its presence is indicative of fluid in the joint. A minimally elevated anterior fat pad may be seen on normal elbow radiographs. It is important to assess the radiograph for a joint effusion and where one exists, to take extra care in the assessment of the radial head. Even when a fracture cannot be identified, the presence of joint effusion in adults should be treated as a non-displaced radial head fracture.Įlbow effusions are best appreciated on a lateral projection, where fluid in the joint capsule elevates the pericapsular fat, seen as anterior or posterior fat pad sign. Radial head fractures can be subtle and easily missed on radiographs. When a fracture is not seen but there is clinical suspicion, a Coyle's view can be performed. The elbow is typically radiographed in AP and lateral projections, although an external oblique view is very frequently also obtained to better visualize the radial head. The Mason-Johnston classification can be used to further classify radial head fractures, although, in practice, most radiologists merely describe the injury. Triangular fibrocartilage complex injury at the wrist ( Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation) ![]() While the majority of radial head fractures are isolated, a number of other injuries may also be seen 2:įracture of the coronoid process of the ulna A direct blow to the elbow can cause a radial head fracture but is uncommon. In practice, the history is often a fall onto an outstretched arm. Radial head fractures usually occur as a result of indirect trauma, with most resulting from a fall on an abducted arm with minimal or moderate flexion of the elbow joint (0 - 80°) 2. This results in valgus pronation stress with the radial head forcibly pushed against the capitulum of the humerus 1,2. In this study, integrated multiple existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and cost benefits of splints in the treatment of DRFs in children, which may provide reference for clinical application.Although fractures of the radial head are seen in all age groups, they usually occur in adults (85% between 20-60 years of age) and more frequently in women (M: F 1:2) 2. Hence, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review of treatment for distal radius fractures in children with the increasing of related studies in recent years. However, the lack of relevant guidelines and high-level evidence-based research has affected doctors’ decision-making in clinical. Closed reduction with plaster splint or splints is the most common method for the treatment of such fractures, compared with adults, which is also relatively effective in children. ĭRFs in children are usually treated in the emergency department of the hospital. A major obstacle to reducing or avoiding injury to children is the lack of knowledge and information to effectively prevent injury. Epidemiological studies have shown that both fall height and ground type have significant impacts on the risk of injury caused by falling of playground equipment. įreefall from 1 level to another, such as falling from playground equipment, is a major cause of upper limb fractures. For adolescence, wrist joints that are almost completely ossified show a pattern of injury similar to those of adults. But as wrist bones ossify, they become more prone to fractures and ligament damage. Since the bone of children's wrist joint is cartilage, the nature of the bone is soft and the toughness is strong, so wrist joint injury is not common in children. The other 20% of children's distal radius fractures are characterized by epiphyseal fractures. The 80% of DRFs in children are metaphyseal fractures, 50% of which affect only the radius, while the other 50% of cases affect both ulna and radius. The incidence of DRFs in children in New Zealand is approximately 10.4 cases per 1000 children (3–15 years old) per year, which is equivalent to an average of 20 cases per day in a country with a population of 4 million. Distal radius fractures (DRFs) is one of the most common bone injuries in children, accounting for about 20% to 35% of all fractures in children. ![]()
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