rectocele, which involves the back of the vagina and rectum.cystocele, which involves the front of the vagina and the bladder.There are different types of prolapse that can involve the vagina, including: Vaginal childbirth, frequent pressure on the abdomen from obesity or strained bowel movements, and menopause can increase risk for prolapse. The tissue that supports the uterus usually stretches as well, causing it to weaken during straining. It’s rare that it involves the vagina alone. Vaginal prolapse happens when the vagina stretches or expands, protruding onto other organs. It can cause vaginal dryness, painful intercourse, and irritation. During menopause, estrogen production drops, reducing the amount of vaginal fluids and interfering with the vagina’s pH.Ītrophy can also happen earlier in life due to other causes of decreased estrogen, such as breastfeeding, ovary removal, and certain medications. Vaginal atrophy causes the tissues of the vagina to shrink and thin, which can narrow the canal and reduce its elasticity. Some STIs don’t cause any symptoms and are only found during routine screening. STIs are transmitted through sexual contact and can affect the vagina and cause symptoms ranging from discharge to genital warts or sores. For some, the fear of painful sex due to vaginismus can make the muscles contract even more, leading to more pain. There’s no single cause, but it’s often linked to past sexual trauma or emotional factors. It often begins when someone first attempts to have intercourse. The muscle contractions make penetration painful, if not impossible. Vaginismus causes involuntary contractions of the vaginal muscles. To avoid reinfection, both partners should be treated. It often causes a green or yellow discharge with a fishy odor, as well as burning and redness. Often referred to as “trich,” trichomoniasis is an STI caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Yeast infections can usually be treated using over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal medication. Symptoms may include itching, inflammation, and a thick, white discharge that has the appearance of cottage cheese. Vaginal yeast infections are very common. A vaginal yeast infection happens when there’s an overgrowth of a type of yeast called Candida albicans in the vagina. BV may cause white or gray discharge, but it doesn’t always cause symptoms. BV isn’t a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but sex with a new partner or multiple partners can increase someone’s risk for developing it. This can happen when something changes the vagina’s pH level, such as douching. BV is a bacterial infection that stems from an overgrowth of healthy vaginal bacteria. There are different types of vaginitis, depending on the cause. It can cause uncomfortable symptoms, such as: Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina resulting from an infection. The membrane of a septate hymen includes an extra band of tissue that creates two openings. Minor surgery is used to create a larger opening. A microperforate hymen is a very thin membrane that almost completely covers the vaginal opening. It needs to be repaired with minor surgery. An imperforate hymen completely covers the opening to the vagina, blocking menstrual flow. This can also happen during vigorous exercise.Ĭertain hymen shapes and types can interfere with menstrual flow, wearing tampons, or having intercourse. When someone first has intercourse or inserts something into the vagina, the hymen may tear. This shape allows menstrual blood to leave the vagina. Though hymens can range in shape and size, most are shaped like a half-moon. The hymen is a thin membrane that surrounds the opening to the vagina. The glycogen is broken down by bacteria and helps maintain a pH level to protect the vagina against potentially harmful bacteria and fungi. The cells in the outer layer of the tissue stores glycogen. The tissues of the vaginal wall undergo hormone-related changes during the menstrual cycle. The surface of the wall also contains rugae, which are pleats of extra tissue that allow the vagina to expand during sex or childbirth. The wall contains layers of tissue with many elastic fibers. The vaginal wall is made of muscle covered in a mucus membrane, similar to the tissue in your mouth. It’s also used to birth a baby and for sexual intercourse. The opening is where menstrual blood leaves the body. It’s located between the urethra and the anus. The vaginal opening, also called the vaginal vestibule or introitus, is the opening into the vagina.
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